Django在Windows上的部署

配置

本例的基本配置如下：

工作目录： C:/virtualenv/zakkabag
项目名称： zakkabag

最终的安装版本如下，后面我会一步一步描述如何安装及部署

操作系统	python	mysql	apache
Windows Server 2016 64bit python 2.7.3 (32 位)	python-2.7.3.msi 32位安装版	mysql-5.5.12-win32.msi + MySQL-python-1.2.4b4.win32-py2.7.exe 32位安装版	httpd-2.2.25-win32-x86-no_ssl.msi + mod_wsgi-win32-ap22py27-3.3

安装

Python

获取路径 Windows x86 MSI Installer (2.7.3) (sig)

安装路径：

D:\Python27 (example)

安装完成之后，记得把D:\Python27加入环境变量Path，这样Python命令可以在任意路径执行

执行python命令，如果出现下面信息，说明安装已成功

C:\Users\User1>python
Python 2.7.6 (default, Nov 10 2013, 19:24:18) [MSC v.1500 32 bit (Intel)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

Django

Django的安装有多种方法，可以从源码安装，也可以利用pip命令安装

源码安装

文件路径； D:\Django-1.5.5 (example)，这是一个很老的版本，之前用这个方法安装过，这儿仅是提供一种方法，一般我现在采用pip方法安装

安装命令:

cd D:\Django-1.5.5
python setup.py install

Django会在python Lib目录下面创建新的目录： d:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\django

….
byte-compiling d:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\django\views\i18n.py to i18n.pyc
byte-compiling d:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\django\views\static.py to static.py
……
byte-compiling d:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\django\views\__init__.py to __init__.pyc
byte-compiling d:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\django\__init__.py to __init__.pyc
running install_scripts
creating d:\Python27\Scripts
copying build\scripts-2.7\django-admin.py -> d:\Python27\Scripts
running install_egg_info
Writing d:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\Django-1.5.5-py2.7.egg-info

上面打印copying build\scripts-2.7\django-admin.py -> d:\Python27\Scripts就是在将安装包的内容拷贝到系统的python库里

把D:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\加入环境变量path
把D:\Python27\Script加入环境变量Path，这样django-admin.py可以在任意目录运行

pip安装

pip install django==1.5.5

mysql & MySQLLdb

参考mysql安装指南

Apache

安装版

从官网下载apache安装包http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi，我的安装路径如下

d:\Program Files\

我之前用的版本是httpd-2.2.25-win32-x86-no_ssl.msi, 官网最新已经不支持这种方式安装了。

安装完成之后，主要的路径及文件如下：

组件位置，需要加载的组件放在该路径

d:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Apache2.2\modules\

最重要的配置文件

d:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Apache2.2\conf\ httpd.conf

相关错误打印可以在下面文件找到

D:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Apache2.4\logs

免安装版

下载

直接从官网http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi下载，并解压到对应目录。Window需从入口Files for Microsoft Windows进入，里面有多个option，也可直接从https://www.apachelounge.com/download下载，里面根据不同VC版本。

这儿不同的VC版本要注意清楚，后面mod_wsgi需要跟它对应。

例如: 进入VC15可以看到下面文件

Apache 2.4.38 Win64 httpd-2.4.38-win64-VC15.zip (Window/Python 32位，VC15)
Apache 2.4.38 Win32 httpd-2.4.38-win32-VC15.zip (Window/Python 64位，VC15)

mod_wsgi的版本如下

mod_wsgi‑4.6.5+ap24vc14‑cp35‑cp35m‑win32.whl
mod_wsgi‑4.6.5+ap24vc14‑cp35‑cp35m‑win_amd64.whl
mod_wsgi‑4.6.5+ap24vc9‑cp27‑cp27m‑win32.whl
mod_wsgi‑4.6.5+ap24vc9‑cp27‑cp27m‑win_amd64.whl

如果我们当前的环境是python3.5 win64，那么mod_wsgi该选用mod_wsgi‑4.6.5+ap24vc14‑cp35‑cp35m‑win_amd64.whl，可以看到这个版本的python只支持apache 24 VC14，那么就要下对应的版本httpd-2.4.38-win64-VC14.zip

对于python27可以看到，它顶多支持到vc9，但是已经找不到对应的vc9的apache了，https://www.apachelounge.com/download/win64/下面有一句话

Build with Windows® Platform SDK 7.1 and Visual Studio C++ 2010 SP1 aka VC10. VC10 has improvements, fixes and optimizations over VC9 in areas like Performance, MemoryManagement and Stability. Note: a VC10 binary loads VC9 and VC10 modules.

看上去它是支持 vc9的

apache下载时是区分是否支持ssl的（最新版本好像看不到不支持的了），如果要支持https，最好一开始就使用支持openssl的

apache 2.2 with openssl 下载地址

https://www.apachelounge.com/download/win32/

Apache 2.2.34 with openssl-1.0.2l
Last of the 2.2 series, No more development or maintenance to come

apache 2.4.x 都支持 openssl

配置

需要将一些对应的路径替换掉，以httpd-2.2-x64版本为例，将安装文件httpd-2.2.19-win64.rar解压到目录，本文目录如下：

D:/PythonWebSW

修改文件如下

文件conf/httpd.conf

ServerRoot "/httpd-2.2-x64" 
DocumentRoot "/httpd-2.2-x64/htdocs" 
<Directory "/httpd-2.2-x64/cgi-bin"> 
ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/httpd-2.2-x64/cgi-bin/"

替换为

ServerRoot "D:/PythonWebSW/httpd-2.2.19-win64" 
DocumentRoot "D:/PythonWebSW/httpd-2.2.19-win64/htdocs" 
<Directory "D:/PythonWebSW/httpd-2.2.19-win64/cgi-bin"> 
ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "D:/PythonWebSW/httpd-2.2.19-win64/cgi-bin/"

文件conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

<VirtualHost *:80> 
    ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host.example.com 
    DocumentRoot "/httpd-2.2-x64/docs/dummy-host.example.com" 
    ServerName dummy-host.example.com 
    ServerAlias www.dummy-host.example.com 
    ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-error.log" 
    CustomLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-access.log" common 
</VirtualHost> 

<VirtualHost *:80> 
    ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host2.example.com 
    DocumentRoot "/httpd-2.2-x64/docs/dummy-host2.example.com" 
    ServerName dummy-host2.example.com 
    ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host2.example.com-error.log" 
    CustomLog "logs/dummy-host2.example.com-access.log" common 
</VirtualHost>

替换为

<VirtualHost *:80> 
    ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host.example.com 
    DocumentRoot "D:/PythonWebSW/httpd-2.2.19-win64/docs/dummy-host.example.com" 
    ServerName dummy-host.example.com 
    ServerAlias www.dummy-host.example.com 
    ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-error.log" 
    CustomLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-access.log" common 
</VirtualHost> 

<VirtualHost *:80> 
    ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host2.example.com 
    DocumentRoot "D:/PythonWebSW/httpd-2.2.19-win64/docs/dummy-host2.example.com" 
    ServerName dummy-host2.example.com 
    ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host2.example.com-error.log" 
    CustomLog "logs/dummy-host2.example.com-access.log" common 
</VirtualHost>

apache 2.4.x

httpd-2.4.38-win64-VC14修改如下

Define SRVROOT "E:/Computer/httpd-2.4.38-win64-VC14"

直接修改根目录即可, DocumentRoot自会跟着修改

DocumentRoot "${SRVROOT}/htdocs"

其他的配置：

ServerName www.example.com:8082 (optional)

安装

D:\PythonWebSW\httpd-2.2.19-win64\bin>httpd -k install -n "Apache24"

注：Apache24为安装服务名称

有的时候会报错

D:\httpd-2.2.19-win64\bin>httpd -k install 
Installing the Apache2.2 service 
The Apache2.2 service is successfully installed. 
Testing httpd.conf.... 
Errors reported here must be corrected before the service can be started. 
httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 192.168.1.101 for ServerName 
(OS 10013)An attempt was made to access a socket in a way forbidden by its access permissions. : make_sock: could not bind to address 0.0.0.0:80 
no listening sockets available, shutting down 
Unable to open logs

原因及解决：有可能是系统80端口默认被占用了，可以修改conf/httpd.conf监听端口，Listen 80 修改为 Listen 8081(或其他端口号)

启动

D:\PythonWebSW\httpd-2.2.19-win64\bin>start httpd

或者通过bin\ApacheMonitor.exe控制面板启动

卸载

D:\PythonWebSW\httpd-2.2.19-win64\bin>httpd -k uninstall -n “Apache24”

测试

开启Apache服务，输入ip和端口访问（默认访问的是\htdocs\index.html）

访问 http://127.0.0.1:8082/，It works!

自动安装

通过编写bat脚本自动安装Apache，减少劳动量。

在apache的文件目录下创建一个bat文件:win_install.cmd
输入示例代码，保存，以管理员身份运行，即可安装成功
安装成功之后，在服务管理器可以开启和停止服务

脚本

echo "正在安装Apache24";
::作用：以管理员身份安装Apache 说明：在 windows10 x64下工作正常
d:
cd %~dp0bin\
httpd.exe -k install -n "Apache24"
pause

结果

C:\Windows\system32>echo "正在安装Apache24";
"正在安装Apache24";
C:\Windows\system32>d:
D:\>cd D:\Server\Apache24\bin\
D:\Server\Apache24\bin>httpd.exe -k install -n "Apache24"

mod_wsgi

下载

注意：下载mod_wsgi.so版本需和python和apache匹配

下载路径 http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#mod_wsgi

我之前下过一个对应apache22和python2.7的版本，名字mod_wsgi-win32-ap22py27-3.3，这个可以直接用，所以一直用着，网上可以直接搜到。

最新的版本(2019)里不能直接下载.so文件，是whl文件，比如我现在下的是mod_wsgi‑4.6.5+ap24vc14‑cp35‑cp35m‑win_amd64.whl，对应各版本如下:

apache 24 + vc14
python35
win64

安装和配置

mod_wsgi.so

将mod_wsgi.so放到moduels目录下 , 并在httpd.conf里加载

modules目录:

d:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Apache2.2\modules\

加载命令

LoadModule wsgi_module modules/mod_wsgi.so

httpd.conf的位置在

d:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Apache2.2\conf\

注意：apache装载wsgi模块，名字可以自定义

最新版本更新

最新的版本不支持.so加载这种方式，是用whl安装，然后加载modules

参考 https://github.com/GrahamDumpleton/mod_wsgi/blob/master/win32/README.rst

These instructions should no longer be used. To install mod_wsgi on Windows run pip install mod_wsgi. Once it has been successfully installed, run the command mod_wsgi-express module-config. Copy the output of that command and add it to your Apache configuration to have it load mod_wsgi.

安装命令

pip install "mod_wsgi-4.6.5+ap24vc14-cp35-cp35m-win_amd64.whl"

执行配置

mod_wsgi-express module-config

输出如下

(env35) E:\Computer\virtualenv\webscrapping\jse_scrap>mod_wsgi-express module-config
LoadFile "D:/Python35/python35.dll"
LoadModule wsgi_module "e:/computer/virtualenv/webscrapping/env35/lib/site-packages/mod_wsgi/server/mod_wsgi.cp35-win_amd64.pyd"
WSGIPythonHome "e:/computer/virtualenv/webscrapping/env35"

把以上内容添加到http.conf

mod_wsgi-4.6.5+ap24vc9-cp27-cp27m-win32.whl我也尝试过这种方式

E:\Computer>pip install "mod_wsgi-4.6.5+ap24vc9-cp27-cp27m-win32.whl"
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
Processing e:\computer\mod_wsgi-4.6.5+ap24vc9-cp27-cp27m-win32.whl
Installing collected packages: mod-wsgi
Successfully installed mod-wsgi-4.6.5+ap24vc9

E:\Computer>mod_wsgi-express module-config
LoadModule wsgi_module "d:/python27/lib/site-packages/mod_wsgi/server/mod_wsgiNone"
WSGIPythonHome "d:/python27"

命令生成的名字就不对，mod_wsgiNone应该是mod_wsgi.pyd，即使手动把名字改过来还是提示无法加载。对应的apache是httpd-2.2.34-win32，VC版本不一致，不确定是否跟它有关（apache里的描述说VC10能支持VC9）。

配置 httpd.conf

搜索http.conf文件,把”Deny from all” 及 “Require all denied” 等语句全部注释掉:

<Directory /> 
    Options FollowSymLinks 
    AllowOverride None 
    Require all denied 
    Order deny,allow 
    Deny from all 
</Directory>

修改为

<Directory /> 
    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks 
    AllowOverride None 
</Directory>

测试wsgi

添加test.wsgi文件，我放在项目下面的apache文件夹下，这个文件夹是专门用来放跟apache相关的配置的

def application(environ, start_response): 
    status = '200 OK' 
    output = 'Hello World!' 
    response_headers = [('Content-type', 'text/plain'), 
                        ('Content-Length', str(len(output)))] 
    start_response(status, response_headers) 

    return [output]

python3里面有一处需要修改，否则报错如下

TypeError: sequence of byte string values expected, value of type str found\r

参考https://stackoverflow.com/questions/34838443/typeerror-sequence-of-byte-string-values-expected-value-of-type-str-found，修改output = 'Hello World!'为output = b'Hello World!'

在http.conf里面引入这段代码来调用

Include "C:/virtualenv/zakkabag/apache/apache_django_wsgi_test.conf"

apache_django_wsgi_test.conf

DocumentRoot "C:/virtualenv/zakkabag/"

<Directory "C:/virtualenv/zakkabag/">
    Options FollowSymLinks Includes ExecCGI
    AllowOverride None
    Order deny,allow
    Allow from all
</Directory>
WSGIScriptAlias / "C:/virtualenv/zakkabag/apache/test.wsgi"

测试 : http://localhost:8081

注：这儿监听端口是8081

项目配置

项目主目录

在项目目录下面创建一个文件夹apache，添加文件“django.wsgi” & “apache_django_wsgi.conf”

和test.wsgi一样，我们也可以用这个方法引入这段配置

Include " C:/virtualenv/zakkabag/apache/apache_django_wsgi.conf"

注：这些配置文件可直接写在httpd.conf文件里，但我倾向于用专门的文件，这样便于项目维护

apache_django_wsgi.conf 测试项目

WSGIScriptAlias / " C:/virtualenv/zakkabag/apache/test.wsgi"

实际项目

WSGIScriptAlias / " C:/virtualenv/zakkabag/apache/django.wsgi"
<Directory " C:/virtualenv/zakkabag ">
    Options FollowSymLinks 
    AllowOverride None 
    Order deny,allow 
    Allow from all
</Directory>

django.wsgi

os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = "zakkabag.settings" 
import django 
django.setup() 
import django.core.handlers.wsgi 
application = django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIHandler()

静态资源

apache_django_wsgi.conf

Alias /static "C:/virtualenv/ zakkabag /static_in_env/static_root"
<Directory " C:/virtualenv/zakkabag/static_in_env ">
    Order allow,deny 
    Allow from all
</Directory>

Django的setting里 Settings.py

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

重启

配置完成之后记得重启apache

https配置

参考 http://www.codingsoho.com/zh/blog/https-on-apache/

常见问题

问题1 (OS 5)Access is denied. : Apache2.2: OpenService failed

如果出现这个错误，用管理员权限打开cmd

问题2 (OS 1072)The specified service has been marked for deletion. : Apache2.2: Failed to delete the service.

将service里面的停掉

问题3 ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading MySQLdb module: No module named MySQLdb

原因是MysqlLdb没有安装好，具体参考mysql安装指南文章

Window 安装文件：

MySQL-python-1.2.3.win-amd64-py2.7.exe

Linux:

MySQL-python==1.2.3

生成的文件如下

MySQL_python-1.2.3-py2.7.egg-info （文件夹）
MySQLdb （文件夹）
_mysql.pyd
_mysql_exceptions.py
_mysql_exceptions.pyc
_mysql_exceptions.pyo

问题4 机器上可能会配置多个apache，有的时候安装新的apache时需要先把之前install的uninstall

问题5 Django: AppRegistryNotReady()

在 django.wsgi, 添加setup()

os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = "zakkabag.settings"
import django
django.setup()
import django.core.handlers.wsgi 
application = django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIHandler()

参考 http://stackoverflow.com/questions/24793351/django-appregistrynotready

setup()
This function is called automatically:
•   When running an HTTP server via Django’s WSGI support. 
•   When invoking a management command. 
It must be called explicitly in other cases, for instance in plain Python scripts.

参考文档

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