OAI完整课程

最近在研究边缘计算，想在一个实际平台上做一下练习，最后选了openairinterface开源软件。

OpenAirInterface（OAI），又称OpenAirInterface5g，是欧洲EURECOM组织发起并维护的一个开源SDR LTE项目，是目前最为完善的开源SDR LTE平台。

OpenAirInterfaceTM（OAI）无线技术平台是面向开放LTE生态系统的灵活平台。该平台提供了基于开源软件的LTE系统实现，涵盖了E-UTRAN和EPC中的3GPP标准的完整协议栈。它可用于在PC上构建和定制LTE基站（OAI eNB），用户设备（OAI UE）和核心网（OAI EPC）。 OAI eNB可以连接到商用UE或OAI UE，以测试不同的配置和网络设置并实时监控网络和移动设备。此外，OAI UE可以连接到eNB测试设备（CMW500），并且在2016年12月已经与商用eNB一起进行了一些试验。

准备工作

工具安装

VirtualBox

OAI有多种部署形式，而且刚开始安装时会有各种内核和版本的尝试，所以推荐用虚拟机做尝试。但是后面部署OAI-RAN，因为无线通信对时延的要求，还是需要在实体机上。

下载VirtualBox，我当前版本5.2.6

Bitvise SSH Client

Virtualbox拷贝操作等不方便，我尝试了几次都不能成功在虚拟机和host主机之间拷贝数据，就干脆直接通过Bitvise SSH Client来操作

ubuntu版本

官方文档推荐Ubuntu 14.04 LTS

We only test Ubuntu 14.04 extensively, so please do not try any other distribution for the first time.

实际使用中发现，14.03使用中有很多authentication的问题，最好选用16.04版本，这个版本比较稳定，网上资料很多也是基于这个版本较多。

库下载位置：http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/releases/16.04.5/

如果安装的desktop版本，默认不按照SSH server，需要额外安装一下

sudo apt-get install openssh-server

检查Linux版本

命令1lsb_release -a

oai@ubuntu:~$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS
Release: 14.04
Codename: trusty

命令2 /etc/lsb-release

oai@ubuntu:~$ cat /etc/lsb-release
DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=14.04
DISTRIB_CODENAME=trusty
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS"

Wireshark

wireshark安装，用于后面测试包分析

git常见操作

查看当前所属branch

git branch -vv git config --lis

查看当前commit

git rev-parse HEAD git log -1

工具配置

apt-get库源更换为国内源

1、原文件备份

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

2、编辑源列表文件

sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list

3、将原来的列表删除，添加如下内容

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

4、运行

sudo apt-get update

pip源更新为清华

修改 ~/.pip/pip.conf (没有就创建一个)，内容如下：

[global]
index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
default-timeout = 1000 # 如果出现ConnectTimeoutError可以考虑加这行

git参数更新

如果出现error: RPC failed; result=22, 考虑增加postBuffer，当然，最好的办法还是科学上网

git config --global http.postBuffer 1G
git config --global https.postBuffer 1G

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/congyiw/git-stop-changing-http-postbuffer

网络拓扑

整个网络的拓扑如下：网络包括三个主要部分，终端、无线接入及核心网络。边缘网络会在后续文章介绍。

尝试过2种无线连接方式：

为简单起见，本文的配置都采用单机模式，配置如下：

openairinterface5g

Kernal Setup

install low-latency kernel
disable CPU freq. scaling
disable C-states from BIOS (or from GRUB)

01. Low-latency kernel installation 切换至Ubuntu 低延迟内核

我采用的是v4.9.108版本，安装方法如下

获取kernel build https://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.9.108/

使用dpkg命令安装

cd /tmp/
wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.9/linux-headers-4.9.0-040900_4.9.0-040900.201612111631_all.deb
wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.9/linux-headers-4.9.0-040900-generic_4.9.0-040900.201612111631_amd64.deb
wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.9/linux-image-4.9.0-040900-generic_4.9.0-040900.201612111631_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i *.deb

检查安装结果

oai@oai:~$ sudo dpkg --get-selections |grep linux-image
linux-image-4.4.0-21-generic install
linux-image-4.9.108-0409108-generic install
linux-image-4.9.108-0409108-lowlatency install
linux-image-extra-4.4.0-21-generic install
linux-image-generic install

使用 uname -r 获取当前kernel

oai@oai:~$ uname -r
4.9.108-0409108-lowlatency

02. Disable CPU Frequency scaling 关闭睿频

安装cpufrequtils:

sudo apt-get install cpufrequtils

编辑下面文件，如果不存在，则创建一个新的文件:

sudo vi /etc/default/cpufrequtils

添加下面行:

GOVERNOR="performance"

保存并退出. 现在，你需要禁用ondemand daemon守护进程, 否则重启之后你的设置会被重写.

sudo update-rc.d ondemand disablesudo /etc/init.d/cpufrequtils restart

你可以用下面的命令检查你的设置:

cpufreq-info # 查看睿频是否成功关闭（频率变动极小）

它将会显示处理器每个内核的信息。检查是否所有处理器均处于性能模式，并以处理器的最大速度运行。

03. Power management 删除BIOS中的所有电源管理功能（睡眠状态，特别是C状态）

sudo vi /etc/default/grub #

禁用 p-state 和 c-state, 添加 intel_pstate=disable 到Linux的启动项，即在/etc/default/grub添加 GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet intel_pstate=disable", 接着执行update-grub. 下面设置内容可选 "processor.max_cstate=1 intel_idle.max_cstate=0 idle=poll" 在文件/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf文末添加"blacklist intel_powerclamp", 将Intel的电源管理 intel_powerclamp module加入黑名单.

sudo vi /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
blacklist intel_powerclamp
sudo reboot

安装 i7z 工具来检查CPU

sudo apt-get install i7z
sudo i7z

也可以执行完整脚本

$ sudo apt-get install cpufrequtils
$ sudo touch /etc/default/cpufrequtils
$ sudo sed -i "/GOVERNOR.*/d" /etc/default/cpufrequtils
$ test -s /etc/default/cpufrequtils && sudo sed -i '$a\GOVERNOR=\"performance\"' /etc/default/cpufrequtils || echo "GOVERNOR=\"performance\"" | sudo tee /etc/default/cpufrequtils
$ sudo update-rc.d ondemand disable
$ sudo reboot

修改之前是这样，C3,C6,C7上都有

改成低时延之后如下，只有C0有值

获取源文件

安装git

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install subversion git

执行下面步骤，否则下载依赖库会出错 - 将gitlab.eurecom.fr 的证书添加到你的Ubuntu 14.04安装:

echo -n | openssl s_client -showcerts -connect gitlab.eurecom.fr:443 2>/dev/null | sed -ne '/-BEGIN CERTIFICATE-/,/-END CERTIFICATE-/p' | sudo tee -a /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt

如果你没有/etc/ssl目录的root访问权限，禁止证书检查

git config --global http.sslverify false

下载源代码

如果要从git库上拿，先执行

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install git
git clone https://gitlab.eurecom.fr/oai/openairinterface5g.git

也可以直接从本地文件解压

tar -xzvf openairinterface5g.tar.gz

安装依赖文件

cd openairinterface5g
source oaienv #Very important. It sets the correct environment variables.
cd cmake_targets
./build_oai -I #need to run only once

编译&运行eNB:

cd ~/openairinterface5g
source oaienv
./cmake_targets/build_oai -w USRP -x -c --eNB
cd cmake_targets/lte_build_oai/build
sudo -E ./lte-softmodem -O $OPENAIR_DIR/targets/PROJECTS/GENERIC-LTE-EPC/CONF/enb.band7.tm1.usrpb210.conf -d
sudo -E ./lte-softmodem -h #(to see help options)

enb.band7.tm1.usrpb210.conf是老文件名，可以参考它的新生成的文件名更新到相应的配置，比如band7, prb50

Issue #1 OAI-RAN problems binding port

https://gitlab.eurecom.fr/oai/openairinterface5g/issues/151 The above problem is because of continuous running of the lte-softmodem in the background, even though you have terminated it manually. Using the following commands can solve the problem.Hope this helps! sudo pkill -9 lte-softmodem sudo netstat -tulp|grep 2152

如何OAI-RAN和OAI-CN装在一台机器上会有上述问题，open-cells改了源码好像这个问题能避开，我用snap安装的OAI-CN，然后源码安装的OAI-RAN也能正常启动

openair-cn

内核(4.9.x)

build_spgw -i 安装必须内核版本4.9以上，一种方法是直接安装kernel 4.9，但是编译源码时有时会出问题；另一种方法是安装kernel4.8，手动安装libgtpnl

源文件选择

https://gitlab.eurecom.fr/oai/openair-cn

解压源文件

tar -xzvf openair-cn.tar.gz

安装依赖文件

cd openair-cn
git checkout develop
git pull
source oaienv
cd SCRIPTS
./build_hss -i#Need to run only once to install missing packages

安装过程中会提示一些软件是否需要安装，如果没有选择yes，安装过的可选no跳过

如果这儿没有提示phpmyadmin安装，后面可以手动安装

./build_mme -i#Need to run only once to install missing packages
./build_spgw -i#Need to run only once

给EPC指定FQDN

查看主机名

oaicn@oaicn:$ cat /etc/hostname
oaicn

在/etc/hosts填写FQDN:

oaicn@oaicn:$ cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
127.0.1.1 oaicn.openair4G.eur oaicn
127.0.1.1 hss.openair4G.eur hss
oaicn@oaicn:$ hostname
oaicn
oaicn@oaicn:$ hostname-f
oaicn.openair4G.eur

配置文件

将EPC配置文件拷贝到/usr/local/etc/oai

sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/oai/freeDiameter
sudo cp ~/openair-cn/ETC/mme.conf /usr/local/etc/oai
sudo cp ~/openair-cn/ETC/hss.conf /usr/local/etc/oai
sudo cp ~/openair-cn/ETC/spgw.conf /usr/local/etc/oai
sudo cp ~/openair-cn/ETC/acl.conf /usr/local/etc/oai/freeDiameter
sudo cp ~/openair-cn/ETC/mme_fd.conf /usr/local/etc/oai/freeDiameter
sudo cp ~/openair-cn/ETC/hss_fd.conf /usr/local/etc/oai/freeDiameter

mme.conf

MME配置文件修改如下 (/usr/local/etc/oai/mme.conf):

REALM = "openair4G.eur";
S6A :
{
   S6A_CONF = "/usr/local/etc/oai/freeDiameter/mme_fd.conf"; # YOUR MME freeDiameter config file path
   HSS_HOSTNAME = "hss"; # THE HSS HOSTNAME
 };
GUMMEI_LIST = (
   {
      MCC="208" ; MNC="92"; MME_GID="4" ; MME_CODE="1";
   } # YOUR GUMMEI CONFIG HERE
);
TAI_LIST = (
{
    MCC="208" ; MNC="92"; TAC = "1"; } # YOUR PLMN CONFIG HERE
);
NETWORK_INTERFACES :
{
    # MME binded interface for S1-C or S1-MME communication (S1AP), can be ethernet interface, virtual ethernet interface, we don't advise wireless interfaces
    MME_INTERFACE_NAME_FOR_S1_MME = "eth0"; # YOUR NETWORK CONFIG HERE
    MME_IPV4_ADDRESS_FOR_S1_MME = "192.168.12.62/24"; # YOUR NETWORK CONFIG HERE
    # MME binded interface for S11 communication (GTPV2-C)
    MME_INTERFACE_NAME_FOR_S11_MME = "lo"; # YOUR NETWORK CONFIG HERE
    MME_IPV4_ADDRESS_FOR_S11_MME = "127.0.11.1/8"; # YOUR NETWORK CONFIG HERE
    MME_PORT_FOR_S11_MME = 2123; # YOUR NETWORK CONFIG HERE
};
S-GW :
{
    # S-GW binded interface for S11 communication (GTPV2-C), if none selected the ITTI message interface is used
    SGW_IPV4_ADDRESS_FOR_S11 = "127.0.11.2/8"; # YOUR NETWORK CONFIG HERE
};

spgw.conf

SPGW配置文件修改如下 (/usr/local/etc/oai/spgw.conf):

S-GW :
{
    NETWORK_INTERFACES :
    {
        # S-GW binded interface for S11 communication (GTPV2-C), if none selected the ITTI message interface is used
        SGW_INTERFACE_NAME_FOR_S11 = "lo"; # YOUR NETWORK CONFIG HERE
        SGW_IPV4_ADDRESS_FOR_S11 = "127.0.11.2/8"; # YOUR NETWORK CONFIG HERE
        # S-GW binded interface for S1-U communication (GTPV1-U) can be ethernet interface, virtual ethernet interface, we don't advise wireless interfaces
        SGW_INTERFACE_NAME_FOR_S1U_S12_S4_UP = "eth0"; # YOUR NETWORK CONFIG HERE, USE "lo" if S-GW run on eNB host
        SGW_IPV4_ADDRESS_FOR_S1U_S12_S4_UP = "192.168.12.62/24"; # YOUR NETWORK CONFIG HERE
        SGW_IPV4_PORT_FOR_S1U_S12_S4_UP = 2152; # PREFER NOT CHANGE UNLESS YOU KNOW WHAT YOU ARE DOING
        # S-GW binded interface for S5 or S8 communication, not implemented, so leave it to none
        SGW_INTERFACE_NAME_FOR_S5_S8_UP = "none"; # DO NOT CHANGE (NOT IMPLEMENTED YET)
        SGW_IPV4_ADDRESS_FOR_S5_S8_UP = "0.0.0.0/24"; # DO NOT CHANGE (NOT IMPLEMENTED YET)
    };
...
}
P-GW =
{
    NETWORK_INTERFACES :
    {
        # P-GW binded interface for S5 or S8 communication, not implemented, so leave it to none
        PGW_INTERFACE_NAME_FOR_S5_S8 = "none"; # DO NOT CHANGE (NOT IMPLEMENTED YET)
        PGW_IPV4_ADDRESS_FOR_S5_S8 = "0.0.0.0/24"; # DO NOT CHANGE (NOT IMPLEMENTED YET)
        # P-GW binded interface for SGI (egress/ingress internet traffic)
        PGW_INTERFACE_NAME_FOR_SGI = "eth0"; # YOUR NETWORK CONFIG HERE
        PGW_MASQUERADE_SGI = "yes"; # YOUR NETWORK CONFIG HERE
       UE_TCP_MSS_CLAMPING = "no"; # STRING, {"yes", "no"}.
    };
...
   # DNS address communicated to UEs
    DEFAULT_DNS_IPV4_ADDRESS = "192.168.106.12"; # YOUR NETWORK CONFIG HERE
    DEFAULT_DNS_SEC_IPV4_ADDRESS = "192.168.12.100"; # YOUR NETWORK CONFIG HERE
...
}

mme_fd.conf

MME freediameter 配置文件 (/usr/local/etc/oai/freeDiameter/mme_fd.conf):

Identity = "oai.openair4G.eur";
Realm = "openair4G.eur";
ConnectPeer= "hss.openair4G.eur" { ConnectTo = "127.0.0.1"; No_SCTP ; No_IPv6; Prefer_TCP; No_TLS; port = 3868; realm = "openair4G.eur";};

hss.conf

HSS配置文件(/usr/local/etc/oai/hss.conf):

MYSQL_user = "root";
MYSQL_pass = "linux"; #Put here the root password of mysql database that was provided during installation
OPERATOR_key = "1006020f0a478bf6b699f15c062e42b3"; # OP key for oai_db.sql, Must match to that of UE Sim card, OP_Key

hss_fd.conf

HSS freediameter配置文件 (/usr/local/etc/oai/freeDiameter/hss_fd.conf):

Identity = "hss.openair4G.eur";
Realm = "openair4G.eur";

acl.conf

ALLOW_OLD_TLS *.openair4G.eur

安装证书certificates:

cd ~/openair-cn/SCRIPTS
./check_hss_s6a_certificate /usr/local/etc/oai/freeDiameter/ hss.openair4G.eur
./check_mme_s6a_certificate /usr/local/etc/oai/freeDiameter/ nano.openair4G.eur

编译&运行

编译&运行 HSS (HSS必须第一个运行):

cd ~/openair-cn
cd SCRIPTS
./build_hss -c
./run_hss -i ~/openair-cn/src/oai_hss/db/oai_db.sql #Run only once to install database
./run_hss # Run this for all subsequent runs

运行的log如下

[...]
Initializing S6a layer: DONE

编译&运行MME:

cd ~/openair-cn/SCRIPTS
./build_mme -c
./run_mme

运行log打印如下，最后一行表明MME处于STATE_OPEN状态

[...]
'<hostname>.openair4G.eur' in state 'STATE_OPEN' waiting for next event.
Diameter identity of MME: <hostname>.openair4G.eur with length: 21
S6a peer connection attempt 1 / 8
Peer <hostname>.openair4G.eur is now connected...

在HSS窗口, 将会打印跟连接的MME相关的输出. 最后一行显示如下:

’STATE_CLOSED' -> 'STATE_OPEN' '<hostname>.openair4G.eur'

Issue # 1: mme compile error on gitlab source code

oai@oai:~/openair-cn/SCRIPTS$ sudo ./build_mme -c
Clean the build generated files (build from scratch)
mkdir: created directory 'BUILD'
Build type is Debug
Architecture is x86_64
git found: /usr/bin/git
mme compilation failed
cp: cannot stat '/home/oai/openair-cn/BUILD/MME/BUILD/mme': No such file or directory
auth_request compilation failed

解决方案： ./build_mme -i -f

参考：https://github.com/OPENAIRINTERFACE/openair-cn/issues/28

I have addressed this problem by manually deleting and reinstalling nettle

编译&安装SP-GW:

cd ~/openair-cn
cd SCRIPTS
./build_spgw -c
./run_spgw

运行log如下：

[...]
Initializing SPGW-APP task interface: DONE

数据库和用户

Step 1: 安装Phpmyadmin (可选)

在运行./build_hss -i 时会安装MySQL和pypmyadmin。一般设置MySQL的用户名为 root ,密码为 linux ; phpmyadmin 的用户名为 root ,密码为 linux.安装成功后在浏览器中输入: http://127.0.0.1/phpmyadmin 如果成功安装MySQL和phpmyadmin的话,便可以输入phpmyadmin的用户名和密码访问数据库。

或者访问主机IP http://192.168.1.31/phpmyadmin/

如果访问不成功,运行命令：

sudo apt-get install phpmyadmin
sudo ln -s /etc/phpmyadmin/apache.conf /etc/apache2/conf-available/phpmyadmin.conf
sudo a2enconf phpmyadmin
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 reload

此时,应该就能访问了。

Step 2: 在数据表oai_db.users里添加用户

接下来可以查看oai_db数据库，默认创建了10个用户 ; 也可以通过SQL添加新的用户

shell > mysql -u root -p
# The password is "linux"
mysql > use oai_db;
# show all tables
mysql > show tables;
# show all entries in mmeidentity
mysql > select * from mmeidentity;
mysql > INSERT INTO users (`imsi`, `msisdn`, `imei`, `imei_sv`, `ms_ps_status`, `rau_tau_timer`, `ue_ambr_ul`, `ue_ambr_dl`, `access_restriction`, `mme_cap`, `mmeidentity_idmmeidentity`, `key`, `RFSP-Index`, `urrp_mme`, `sqn`, `rand`, `OPc`) VALUES ('208930000000001', '33638060010', NULL, NULL, 'PURGED', '120', '50000000', '100000000', '47', '0000000000', '3', 0x8BAF473F2F8FD09487CCCBD7097C6862, '1', '0', '', 0x00000000000000000000000000000000, '');

几个注意点:

msisdn: 虽然它是可选的，但是这个字段不能空白，因为OAI会检查这个字段值是否存在(任何值都可以).
OPc: OPc 从OP和Key计算而来. 该字段可以为空，因为HSS会自动计算
EPC/MME主机名: 如果你使用的跟wiki不一样的主机名，你也需要在HSS数据库进行修改.

Step 3: 更新数据表oai_db.mmeidentity和oai_db.pdn

shell > mysql -u root -p
# The password is "linux"
mysql > use oai_db;
mysql > INSERT INTO pdn (`id`, `apn`, `pdn_type`, `pdn_ipv4`, `pdn_ipv6`, `aggregate_ambr_ul`, `aggregate_ambr_dl`, `pgw_id`, `users_imsi`, `qci`, `priority_level`,`pre_emp_cap`,`pre_emp_vul`, `LIPA-Permissions`) VALUES ('60', 'oai.ipv4','IPV4', '0.0.0.0', '0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0', '50000000', '100000000', '3', '208930000000001', '9', '15', 'DISABLED', 'ENABLED', 'LIPA-ONLY');
mysql > INSERT INTO mmeidentity (`idmmeidentity`,`mmehost`,`mmerealm`,`UE-reachability`) VALUES ('6','nano.openair4G.eur','openair4G.eur','0');
mysql > INSERT INTO mmeidentity (`idmmeidentity`,`mmehost`,`mmerealm`,`UE-reachability`) VALUES ('7','calisson.openair4G.eur','openair4G.eur','0');

openairinterface安装和调试

准备工作

工具安装

VirtualBox

Bitvise SSH Client

ubuntu版本

检查Linux版本

Wireshark

git常见操作

工具配置

apt-get库源更换为国内源

pip源更新为清华

git参数更新

网络拓扑

openairinterface5g

Kernal Setup

01. Low-latency kernel installation 切换至Ubuntu 低延迟内核

02. Disable CPU Frequency scaling 关闭睿频

03. Power management 删除BIOS中的所有电源管理功能（睡眠状态，特别是C状态）

获取源文件

安装依赖文件

编译&运行eNB:

Issue #1 OAI-RAN problems binding port

openair-cn

内核(4.9.x)

源文件选择

解压源文件

安装依赖文件

给EPC指定FQDN

配置文件

mme.conf

spgw.conf

mme_fd.conf

hss.conf

hss_fd.conf

acl.conf

安装证书certificates:

编译&运行

Issue # 1: mme compile error on gitlab source code

数据库和用户

Step 1: 安装Phpmyadmin (可选)

Step 2: 在数据表oai_db.users里添加用户

Step 3: 更新数据表oai_db.mmeidentity和oai_db.pdn

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